Monday, June 19, 2017
Military of Mycenaean
The military nature of Mycenaean Greece (c. 1600–1100 BC) in the Late Bronze Age is evident by the numerous weapons unearthed, warrior and combat representations in contemporary art, as well as by the preserved Greek Linear B records.
Boar's tusk helmets were typical of Mycenaean warfare.
Mother's of God icon with three hands
In the eighth century during the time of the
Iconoclasts, Saint John of Damascus (December 4) was zealous in his veneration
of holy icons. Because of this, he was slandered by the emperor and iconoclast
Leo III the Isaurian (717-740), who informed the Damascus caliph that Saint
John was committing treasonous acts against him. The caliph gave orders to cut
off the hand of the monk and take it to the marketplace. Towards evening Saint
John, having asked the caliph for the cut-off hand, put it to its joint and
fell to the ground before the icon of the Mother of God. The monk begged Our
Lady to heal the hand, which had written in defense of Orthodoxy. After long
prayer he fell asleep and saw in a dream that the All-Pure Mother of God had
turned to him promising him quick healing.
Before this the Mother of God bid him toil
without fail with this hand. Having awakened from sleep, Saint John saw that
his hand was unharmed. In thankfulness for this healing Saint John placed on
the icon a hand fashioned of silver, from which the icon received its name “Of
Three Hands.” (Some iconographers, in their ignorance, have mistakenly depicted
the Most Holy Theotokos with three arms and three hands.) According to
Tradition, Saint John wrote a hymn of thanksgiving to the Mother of God: “All
of creation rejoices in You, O Full of Grace,” which appears in place of the
hymn “It is Truly Meet” in the Liturgy of Saint Basil the Great.
Hylomorphism
Hylomorphism (or hylemorphism) is a philosophical theory developed by Aristotle, which conceives being (ousia) as a compound of matter and form.
The word is a 19th-century term formed from the Greek words ὕλη hyle, "wood, matter" and μορφή, morphē,
"form."
Aristotle
defines X's matter as "that out of which" X is made. For
example, letters are the matter of syllables. Thus, "matter" is a
relative term: an object counts as matter relative to something else. For
example, clay is matter relative to a brick because a brick is made of clay,
whereas bricks are matter relative to a brick house.Change is
analyzed as a material transformation: matter is what undergoes a change of
form. For example, consider a lump of bronze that's shaped into a statue. Bronze
is the matter, and this matter loses one form (that of a lump) and gains a new
form (that of a statue).According
to Aristotle's theory of perception, we perceive an object by receiving
its form with our sense organs. Thus, forms include complex qualia such
as colors, textures, and flavors, not just shapes.Aristotle
applies his theory of hylomorphism to living things. He defines a soul as
that which makes a living thing alive. Life is a property of living things,
just as knowledge and health are. Therefore, a soul is a form—that is, a
specifying principle or cause—of a living thing. Furthermore, Aristotle
says that a soul is related to its body as form to matter.
Hence,
Aristotle argues, there is no problem in explaining the unity of body and soul,
just as there is no problem in explaining the unity of wax and its shape. Just
as a wax object consists of wax with a certain shape, so a living organism
consists of a body with the property of life, which is its soul.
Hylomorphism
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